Does inter-municipal cooperation affect spending vs output? Evidence from Italy
研究意大利市际合作对人均支出和实物产出的短期影响，发现合作服务的人均支出下降，而同一城市自主管理的服务支出上升，但两者产出不变；小城市中合作还提升了联合管理服务的产出。
We test the impact of inter-municipal cooperation on per capita expenditure and physical output in a short-term period. We find that for services managed through a cooperation per capita expenditure decreases and in the same municipality it increases for those services managed on its own, leaving in both cases output unchanged. However, the magnitude of the first effect is stronger than that of the second one. When we concentrate the analysis on small municipalities, cooperation also leads to an increase in output for those services jointly managed.