Pan‐Europe Revisited: Inter‐War Debates and the EU's Pursuit of Geopolitical Power
本文比较了领土整合与合作整合两种逻辑，追溯欧盟从2003年安全战略到2016年全球战略及防务倡议的转变，并重访两次世界大战期间泛欧方案等辩论，指出外部危机常激活领土整合冲动。
ABSTRACT The European Union's (EU) transformation from a peace project to an assertive geopolitical actor reflects enduring tensions in integration theory dating back to the inter‐war period. This paper develops a comparative framework distinguishing territorial integration logic, which emphasises bounded political communities and collective defence, from cooperative integration logic, which prioritises issue‐specific, transnational problem‐solving. It traces the EU's strategic shift from the cooperative ethos of the 2003 European Security Strategy towards the territorially oriented integration principle represented by the 2016 Global Strategy and subsequent defence initiatives, including Permanent Structured Cooperation (PESCO) and the Strategic Compass. It then revisits inter‐war debates, focusing on Richard Coudenhove‐Kalergi's Pan‐Europe vision, Aristide Briand's United States of Europe proposal and David Mitrany's functionalist critique. Through a systematic comparison of threat perceptions – Russian expansionism, American economic competition and the declining influence of individual European states – and integration responses across both eras, the analysis points to a recurring pattern whereby external crises activate territorial integration impulses.