Understanding Economic Behavior Using Open-Ended Survey Data
综述了经济学中利用开放式调查数据揭示经济信念和行为背后机制的最新文献，涵盖动机测量、心理模型、叙事、注意力、信息传递和回忆等应用，并讨论了数据收集、标注和分析方法，尤其关注大语言模型的进展。
We survey the recent literature in economics using open-ended survey data to uncover mechanisms behind economic beliefs and behaviors. We first provide an overview of different applications, including the measurement of motives, mental models, narratives, attention, information transmission, and recall. We next describe different ways of eliciting open-ended responses, including single-item open-ended questions, speech recordings, and artificial intelligence–powered qualitative interviews. Subsequently, we discuss methods to annotate and analyze such data with a focus on recent advances in large language models. Our review concludes with a discussion of promising avenues for future research.