X-Shoring and the Circular Economy: Drivers, Synergies, and Geographic Interrelations
探讨了循环经济与X-近岸外包（包括回流、近岸外包、友岸外包）的共同驱动因素、潜在协同效应及地理关联，分析了如何实现其经济和循环潜力并避免负面空间影响，强调了政策在引导这些发展中的关键作用。
In the wake of sustainability challenges and geopolitical tensions, the circular economy and x-shoring have received increasing attention as possible solutions or models for future development. Both concepts have an important geographic dimension and share other features such as foci on resilience and security. In this article, we elaborate on the two concepts and explore common drivers, potential synergies, and geographic interrelations. X-shoring is used here to refer to several related concepts such as reshoring, backshoring, or friendshoring. Drawing on insights about directionality, socioinstitutional change, technoeconomic change, and the resulting spatial implications, we highlight the differences and similarities between the two emerging empirical phenomena. We discuss how the economic and circular potentials of x-shoring can be reaped and how plausible negative spatial effects can be avoided. Finally, we highlight the important role of policy in navigating and negotiating these developments and their multiscalar outcomes, and outline promising research avenues to better understand the economic geographies of x-shoring and its opportunities for greener value chains.