The impact of problematic situations on intervention process: patterns to design multi-methodologies for complex and complicated problem situations
本研究通过系统回顾107篇实证文章，识别出将多元方法论与问题情境类型相匹配的模式，发现复杂情境需要灵活、基于互动的方法，而棘手情境则偏好结构化组合，为实践者设计针对性干预提供依据。
The design of multi-methodologies has often overlooked the influence of the type of the problem situation, resulting in approaches that prioritise techniques over contextual relevance. This study addresses this gap by identifying patterns that align multi-methodologies with the nature of problem situations. Drawing on 107 empirical articles in which multi-methodologies were devised, we conducted a systematic review to determine the problem type in each case and to analyse the corresponding intervention process. A theoretical framework was developed to explicate the intervention process. The methodologies and techniques reported in each study were then mapped onto this framework. Using deductive–inductive content analysis, we derived patterns linking problem situation type to distinctive intervention processes. Findings indicate that complicated problem situations favour structured methodology combinations emphasising analysis and assessment, while complex situations require flexible, interaction-based approaches prioritising appreciation and stakeholder engagement. These findings yield empirically grounded patterns linking problem characteristics with intervention process design. These patterns offer a practical basis for constructing multi-methodologies tailored to distinct real-world problem types.