The impact of agri-environmental measures on farms’ costs, labour and income
利用2006和2013年22个欧盟国家的农场数据，研究农业环境措施对作物和畜牧成本、劳动力投入及收入增长的影响，发现补贴农场成本上升但收入和劳动力投入普遍增加。
Abstract This study examines the impact of agri-environmental measures on crop and livestock costs, labour inputs and income growth, using FADN farm-level data for the years 2006 and 2013, covering the 2007–2013 programming period in 22 EU countries. Employing a difference-in-differences model combined with coarsened exact matching, the results show that while some specific production costs rise on subsidized farms, these increases differ by region. Income growth and labour inputs are consistently higher across all regions. In particular, crop protection costs rise significantly in Western countries, while labour inputs do so in Southern and Eastern countries and at the EU level. Positive and significant effects on productivity outcomes are observed in the EU and Western EU countries.