Poverty and parental discipline
研究秘鲁有条件现金转移项目对贫困家庭父母管教方式的影响，发现项目参与使体罚报告率下降至少2.7个百分点（11%），主要体现为打耳光减少，表明现金转移可能带来减少严厉体罚的额外益处。
Across and within countries, there are large differences in how parents discipline their children, and frequently, poverty is associated with higher levels of physical punishment. We leverage the roll-out of a conditional cash transfer program in Peru to test whether its introduction changes parental discipline practices. We find that in districts that begin to receive the program, the average level of reported physical punishment by mothers and fathers among the poor declines by at least 2.7 percentage points (11%) driven by reductions in slapping. Our findings suggest that program participation may have additional second-order benefits through the reduction of harsh physical forms of discipline practices.