Unraveling the impacts of green knowledge spillovers on SMEs’ green innovation, economic performance, and exporting: evidence from Germany
基于2009-2019年德国制造业中小企业数据，研究发现水平绿色知识溢出促进绿色创新，后向溢出提升生产率和盈利能力，企业可借助绿色创新扩大出口，效果因行业和地区而异。
Abstract Green innovation is critical for the green transition, yet little is known about green knowledge spillovers across industries. Based on the knowledge-spillovers literature and using empirical evidence from German manufacturing small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) during 2009–2019, this analysis reveals that SMEs benefit from horizontal green knowledge spillovers to boost green innovation and from backward spillovers to enhance productivity and profitability. SMEs can leverage these green innovations to expand into international markets through exporting. These effects vary across industries and sub-national locations.