Cancelling out early age gender differences in competition: an analysis of policy interventions
研究了588名10至17岁儿童和青少年的竞争意愿，发现性别差异在早期就已存在，而配额和优惠待遇等政策干预能有效缩小性别差距且不损失效率。
Abstract We study the willingness to compete of 588 children and teenagers aged ten to seventeen. We replicate the gender difference in tournament entry choices usually found in the literature for adults. We then show that policy interventions like quotas and preferential treatment help to close down the gender gap without leading to losses in efficiency, during or after a tournament. Given that differences in competitive behavior are prevalent from an early age, the application of interventions to promote females in competitions may be desirable already at early ages to promote equal chances for women on labor markets later on.