Reform of the Special Finance Act for the Communities and Regions
分析了2011年比利时第六次国家改革中特别财政法的修订，重点讨论了权力下放和财政自治的变化，对研究财政联邦制和比利时公共财政的学者有参考价值。
On 10 October 2011, eight parties with a special majority in the federal parliament concluded an agreement on the sixth reform of the Belgian State. The article presents the two most important aspects of the reform from an economic and budgetary point of view, namely the transfer of new powers from federal level to the federated entities, and the revision of the Special Finance Act for the Communities and Regions of 16 January 1989. The agreement on the revision of the Finance Act mostly concerns principles and mechanisms. The powers transferred represent around 4.4 % of GDP. These transfers come under social security rather than federal government, and more powers are devolved to the Communities and Community Commissions – institutions with no fiscal powers of their own – than to the Regions. For the Regions, one of the main changes pursuant to the new draft Finance Act concerns the greater fiscal autonomy accorded to them in regard to personal income tax. For their new powers, the Regions also receive additional resources allocated according to a fiscal key. Finally, a national solidarity allowance is maintained, but the detailed arrangements are modified. Likewise, the Communities receive additional resources for their new powers, but they are allocated on the basis of demographic keys. The resources available to the Communities for their old powers are being restructured. There is also a transitional mechanism to neutralise the effects of the reform for the various entities when it comes into force, and to limit the scale of the effects during the first decade. Separately from this mechanism, the Brussels institutions are to be refinanced and the agreement includes a higher contribution from the federated entities towards the budgetary cost of ageing. As it stands, the agreement on State reform does not solve the issue of the various entities’ participation in the necessary consolidation of Belgian public finances. It is therefore important to determine the sharing of the consolidation efforts needed to restore a balanced budget in Belgium by 2015, to specify the arrangements for the participation by the federated entities and, in that connection – as stipulated by the agreement – to finally set certain Finance Act variables, such as the reference amounts for the transfer of powers and their variation parameters.