Donating time to charity: working for nothing?
利用1995年日本地震作为自然实验，研究发现老年人日常护理的志愿劳动显著降低了老年人死亡率，对政策制定者和慈善组织有参考价值。
This paper studies the causal effect of the voluntary contributions of labour to local services, in the form of voluntary provision of daily care to the elderly, on elderly mortality. To identify the causal effect, I exploit the earthquake that occurred in mid-western Japan in 1995 as a natural experiment inducing exogenous variation in the level of contributions. Based on a comparison of mortality between the municipalities that recorded little or no loss of life due to the earthquake but experienced a sharp increase in the level of contributions, and the nearby municipalities that were not hit by the earthquake, I find that the voluntary provision of daily care to the elderly significantly reduced elderly mortality. A series of robustness checks and falsification exercises are conducted to confirm that the results are not driven by the direct effects of the earthquake.