A mutually reinforcing relationship between entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intentions: Women entrepreneurs in an extreme context
基于对黎巴嫩农村50岁以上低收入女性的访谈，研究发现性别、年龄、阶级和地域歧视削弱了她们的创业自我效能感和意向，但通过情绪调节和认知重构，两者逐渐相互强化。
Integrating social cognitive theory and intersectionality research, this study examines how individuals develop entrepreneurial intentions (EI) and entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) while living in extreme contexts and being exposed to intersecting systems of oppression. Moreover, we examine how EI and ESE interact in the process. Based on in-depth interviews, we demonstrate how Lebanese women residing in rural areas, all over the age of 50 and from modest socioeconomic backgrounds, emerge as necessity entrepreneurs and develop their EI driven by need, strong agency, and parental love. We ascertain that sexism, ageism, classism, and location in the rural periphery initially undermine ESE and weaken the EI of women. We also establish how these entrepreneurs gradually develop ESE through emotional regulation and cognitive reframing of their experience-based capabilities, which, in turn, strengthens their EI. Our study contributes to entrepreneurship literature by showing that ESE and EI mutually reinforce (or weaken) one another as entrepreneurs navigate the intersecting systems of oppression in extreme contexts.