Are EU low-carbon Structural Funds efficient in reducing emissions?
研究了欧盟结构性基金低碳支出对减少温室气体排放的效果，发现效果因区域发展水平而异，欠发达地区甚至出现排放增加。
We investigate the effectiveness of low-carbon expenditures from the European Structural and Investment Funds in reducing greenhouse gas emissions across European Union regions. Using trend and cycle decomposition of per capita emissions and emissions intensity, along with a panel data approach that incorporates long lags to mitigate reverse causality, we find highly heterogeneous effects. In less developed regions, investments are associated with long-term increases in per capita emissions, whereas in transition and developed regions, the effects are weak or not significant. When disaggregated by gas type, results remain inconsistent. The findings highlight that regional disparities challenge the effectiveness of European Union climate efforts.