Vulnerability of process and instrument air supply utilities to volcanic ash
研究了火山灰对工业设施中工艺和仪表空气进气系统的脆弱性，开发了过滤系统堵塞模型和风险评估矩阵，支持预防规划和实时决策。
• Indirect cascading Natech events from volcanic ashes are addressed • A model to estimate filtration system clogging from volcanic ash is developed • A matrix to evaluate air intake systems vulnerability to volcanic ash is proposed • Facilitating evaluations for preventive planning and real-time decision-making • A Monte Carlo approach is proposed for the quantitative assessment of risk due to filter clogging Among other consequences of volcanic activity, recent events confirmed that the hazards caused by volcanic ash have a potential impact also at relevant distances from the emission point. The fallout of volcanic ashes may affect several utilities and services at industrial sites, potentially causing Natech events with relevant end-point consequences, e.g., operational failures, business interruption, and environmental contamination. The present study focuses on the vulnerability of process and instrument air intake utility systems to volcanic ash. A detailed model, based on an in-depth characterization of ash properties, is developed to provide accurate time to clogging estimations under varying conditions. A surrogate model is also proposed to enable a real-time assessment using a limited set of input parameters, supporting both preventive planning and real-time decision-making in emergency management. A tailored risk matrix is developed to provide a scenario-specific vulnerability ranking of critical utilities due to volcanic ash accumulation. A novel quantitative approach for the assessment of risk due to filter clogging has also been developed to support the management of the vulnerabilities and critical scenarios identified by the matrix screening. The analysis of test cases confirmed the value of the novel approach in supporting risk management and resilience against volcanic hazards, aimed at the mitigation of operational disruptions and/or more severe process safety accidents.