Bureaucracy under pressure: Structural integrity and the ethics of democratic administration
提出结构完整性概念，作为防止民主倒退的底线保障，说明行政机构如何在政治压力下通过法律、专业规范和组织文化维持民主承诺，为公共管理者提供应对民粹主义指令的实践路径。
We advance the concept of structural integrity as a minimal yet indispensable bulwark against democratic backsliding. Structural integrity offers a normative framework for understanding how public administrations can uphold their democratic commitments when elected governments themselves become sources of distortion. It captures the systemic capacity of administrative institutions to remain aligned with democratically authorized principles even under political pressure. By weaving together legal mandates, professional norms, organizational routines, and cultural safeguards, structural integrity transforms bureaucratic neutrality from traditional passive obedience into a form of bounded normative agency that actively sustains impartiality, accountability, transparency, efficiency, and the rule of law. This conception charts a third path between bureaucratic inertia and politicized resistance, showing how administrative institutions can withstand corrosive populist directives without asserting political autonomy. In this way, structural integrity illuminates how democracy can endure through principled administrative practice, even when the political environment turns hostile to its core values. Points for practitioners Structural integrity enables agencies to uphold democratic values under political pressure by sticking to existing statutes, professional standards, and routines. When mandates are vague or leaders demand favoritism, officials can lawfully interpret rules through established norms, document decisions, and publish clear criteria and data to enable oversight. Coordinated use of legal advisors, independent bodies, and open-data reporting can neutralize politicization without obstructing policy. This capacity must be cultivated through institutional design, training, and the continuous reinforcement of internal controls.