Risk Preferences and Field Behavior: The Relevance of Higher-Order Risk Preferences
通过实验测量658名青少年的高阶风险偏好（审慎和节制），发现它们与预防、健康、成瘾行为和金融决策等实地行为密切相关，忽略这些偏好会导致误导性结论。
Using new methods, we measure the intensities of higher-order risk preferences (prudence and temperance) in an incentivized experiment with 658 adolescents. Aligned with theory, we find that higher-order risk preferences are strongly related to field behavior, including prevention, health, addictive behavior, and financial decision-making. Most importantly, we show that ignoring prudence and temperance can yield misleading conclusions about the relation of risk preferences to field behavior, and that survey measures of risk tolerance often relate to field behavior because they capture higher-order risk preferences.