Social partners’ influence on job quality in care in Denmark and the Netherlands
研究了丹麦和荷兰护理行业中社会伙伴（尤其是工会）如何影响工作质量，发现工会限制了工资差距并推动近期工资上涨，但市场化、预算限制和劳动力短缺仍导致部分群体工资低、工作强度大。
This article argues that ER systems in the care sub-sectors in both countries offer social partners opportunities to influence job quality and that the trade unions’ efforts have played important roles in limiting wage dispersion and in recent wage increases. Marketization is a challenge to job quality, especially in the Netherlands, but even in the most marketized sub-sector, the Dutch ECEC, ER actors and institutions have limited the deterioration of job quality. Nevertheless, wages are still relatively low for some groups, and the social partners have not been able to prevent job quality problems such as work intensification. This mirrors that factors other than ER and marketization in and beyond the trilemma, including budget constrain and labour shortage, also influence job quality and constrain the actions of social partners.