Measuring and understanding emotional attachment in human–AI relationships
开发并验证了AI依恋量表（AIAS），通过两个研究（N=531和N=375）识别出情感支持、分离痛苦和安全基地三个维度，发现拟人化是AI依恋的最强预测因子，依恋焦虑正向预测而依恋回避负向预测AI依恋，AI依恋显著预测行为意向。
Users increasingly develop emotional connections with AI chatbots that extend beyond utilitarian functions, yet no validated multidimensional scale exists to measure these bonds. This research developed and validated the AI Attachment Scale (AIAS) through two studies: scale development (Study 1) followed by validation and framework testing (Study 2). Study 1 employed exploratory factor analysis (N = 531) to establish a 15-item scale capturing three dimensions: Emotional Support, Separation Distress, and Secure Base. Study 2 used confirmatory factor analysis (N = 375) to validate the scale structure and propose a theoretical framework linking individual differences to AI attachment and behavioural outcomes. Results showed anthropomorphism as the strongest predictor of AI attachment orientations. Attachment anxiety positively predicted AI attachment (β = 0.44), while attachment avoidance negatively predicted it (β = -0.53). AI attachment significantly predicted behavioural intentions (β = 0.50). This research provides a validated measure of human-AI attachment and practical guidance for emotional design in AI chatbots.