Metacognition in Decision-Making Across Domains and Modalities: Evidence From Three Studies
通过分析丹麦和波兰三项研究中的10个任务数据，发现元认知偏差和效率存在固定的跨任务相关模式，支持弱领域一般性，即感知和认知任务各有独立的元认知模块。
Metacognition involves second-order judgments about first-order judgments. It remains unclear whether an individual’s confidence in being correct is generated by the same system across tasks ( domain generality ) or whether it is computed independently in the context of each task ( domain specificity ). Previous studies have focused on correlations across several tasks, yet the evidence is mixed, and more complex models of domain generality were not taken into account. Analyzing data from 10 tasks collected across three studies in Denmark and Poland ( N = 253–547 adult participants), we found a fixed pattern of cross-task correlations for both metacognitive bias and metacognitive efficiency. In accordance with previous studies, we found that hierarchical estimation of metacognitive efficiency led to higher correlations. We used confirmatory factor analyses to investigate the existence of general processes. We found evidence for a weak domain generality with a metacognitive module for perceptual tasks and another for cognitive tasks.