Directed technological change, factor adjustment, and GDP: Two decompositions with OECD evidence
提出一种基于时变CES生产函数的增长核算方法，将技术对GDP的影响分解为中性和非中性成分，发现非中性成分（通过要素数量与构成调整）是主要驱动力，而直接生产率贡献常为弱或负。
We propose a growth-accounting approach based on a time-varying Constant Elasticity of Substitution (CES) production function that decomposes the total technological effect on GDP into neutral and non-neutral components, separating pure productivity from effects induced by factor-quantity adjustments. Applied to a balanced panel of 32 OECD countries (1994–2019), the method shows that most of the technological impact on GDP arises from non-neutral components operating mainly through adjustments in factor composition and quantities, while the direct productivity contribution is often weak or negative.