The Determinants of Negotiated Pharmaceutical Prices
利用巴西医药市场数据，研究发现买卖双方间的交易特征（如交易量、买家忠诚度、多药购买）对药品价格有显著影响，并模拟了团购组织的降价效果。
ABSTRACT We focus on the determinants of pharmaceutical drug prices. Using data from the Brazilian pharmaceutical market, we find large variations in drug prices across buyers, drug classes, and time periods. Our estimation results provide evidence that transaction‐specific determinants between buyers and sellers (e.g., transaction volume, buyer's loyalty, multiple drug purchases from the same seller) exert strong effects on drug prices. Our counterfactuals show that group purchasing organizations achieve price reductions that vary across drug classes and that these price reductions primarily depend on buyer price sensitivity.