Bridging Bystander Intervention and Workplace Inclusion: The Critical Role of Perceived Fairness, Support, and Safety
通过对两家不同组织（咨询公司和偏远矿场）的53次访谈，研究发现旁观者干预并不会自动带来职场包容，只有当各方感知到更高的支持与安全，且对违规者而言还需公平感时，包容才会被促进。
ABSTRACT Bystander intervention is widely assumed to foster workplace inclusion, yet no studies have directly examined this relationship. Through abductive qualitative analysis of 53 interviews across two contrasting organisations—a consulting firm and a remote mine site—we investigate how bystander intervention relates to workplace inclusion for targets, bystanders and transgressors. Our findings challenge the assumption that bystander intervention automatically translates into inclusion. Instead, we find workplace inclusion is fostered when parties perceive greater levels of support and safety, with fairness being additionally critical for transgressors. Although support emerges through peer and supervisor relationships, safety depends on organisational conditions including senior leadership behaviour and policy‐practice alignment. When these are perceived, a reinforcing cycle emerges: Bystanders become more willing to intervene, and transgressors demonstrate genuine behavioural change. We contribute theoretically by showing that the relationship between bystander intervention and workplace inclusion is shaped by perceived levels of fairness, support and safety; analytically separating support and safety as distinct influences with different sources; and identifying fairness as a gateway influence unique to transgressors.