Avoiding unemployment in a post-growth economy
研究了后增长经济中通过转向劳动密集型服务业和采用更劳动密集的生产过程来避免失业的两种策略，并论证了在特定条件下这些策略不会增加单位成本。
There is increasing concern about rising unemployment in early industrialised countries, arising from low economic growth or the emergence of new labour-displacing technologies, notably AI. Post-growth economics has explored a number of strategies to prevent unemployment, such as working time reductions. This paper contributes to this discussion, focusing on two strategies. The first strategy involves a shift in the composition of output towards labour-intensive services. It is argued that Baumol's cost disease may be less problematic for this strategy than is commonly believed. The second strategy involves re-orienting production towards more labour-intensive processes (taking the composition of output as fixed). This strategy has received less attention, partly because it appears to involve rising costs of production. Drawing on insights from post-Keynesian and institutional economics, this paper argues that under some circumstances more labour-intensive production processes can be adopted without increasing unit costs.