Less Is More (Natural): The Effect of Ingredient Quantity Framing on Consumer Preferences
研究发现消费者更偏好标注成分少的产品，认为其加工少、更天然，但当追求放纵或独特性时，成分多的产品反而更受欢迎。
Despite the ubiquity of ingredient quantity information in the marketplace, prior literature has yet to examine whether ingredient quantity shapes consumer choice. This research presents and tests a novel framework that charts when, why, and how this pervasive ingredient quantity information influences consumers’ food decisions. The findings from two preregistered pilot studies, seven preregistered experiments, and ten supplementary experiments in the Web Appendix indicate that consumers are often more interested in food products framed as containing few (vs. many) ingredients, even when the same ingredient list is displayed across products. This preference stems from the perception that fewer ingredients indicate less processing, especially when a product’s processing history is unavailable. As a result, a product with fewer ingredients is perceived as more natural and is thus preferred. Further, the studies also show that although consumers commonly pursue the goal to consume natural products, when other consumption goals (e.g., the goal to seek indulgent or unique products) rise in importance, a product framed as containing more ingredients can become more preferred. This work uncovers how ingredient quantity information biases consumers’ perceptions and daily food product decisions, and it provides easily implementable guidance for marketers seeking to increase consumers’ purchase likelihood.