Public perception, government support, and the formation of AI startups: An institution-based view
研究了40个发达和新兴经济体中公众对科技的看法和政府AI战略如何影响AI初创企业的形成，发现积极的公众认知和有力的政府支持能促进创业活动，而精神层面的担忧比物质担忧负面影响更大。
This study investigates cross-country differences in artificial intelligence (AI) startup formation through an institution-based view. Public perception of science and technology (S&T) is conceptualised as an informal institution influencing societal acceptance of innovation, while government AI strategies are framed as formal institutions shaping policy, resources, and regulation. Using data from 40 developed and emerging economies, and controlling for macroeconomic, innovation, and talent-related factors, multiple regression analyses show higher startup activity in countries with more positive public views of S&T and stronger, well-resourced AI strategies. Spiritual concerns about S&T have a stronger negative relationship with AI entrepreneurship than material concerns, highlighting the role of cultural influences in technology adoption. The findings suggest that alignment between formal and informal institutions is essential for entrepreneurial success in frontier technologies. Policy implications include fostering public trust through education and ethical governance, and strengthening AI ecosystems through targeted investments in talent, infrastructure, and enabling regulation.