Design and context of use of postpartum haemorrhage kits in the UK: a qualitative study combining human factors and social science analysis
通过观察和访谈英国六家产科单位，分析了产后出血急救包的设计差异、可用性及使用情境，发现设计不当可能导致紧急延误，并提出模块化标准化方案。
Effective management of postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) - a leading cause of maternal mortality - depends on rapid access to critical equipment and medications. PPH emergency kits support timely care, but their design and practical use remain largely unexamined. We combined human factors and social science analysis - drawing on photographs, field observations, and 19 interviews with maternity professionals - to examine kit designs, usability, and contextual factors in six UK maternity units. Many design features, including kit format, item grouping, item visibility, and portability, varied substantially across units. Usability was shaped by factors including labour room and storage constraints, medication access, staff skill mix, and restocking procedures. Some designs risked delays or confusion in emergencies. While standardisation may improve kit safety and efficiency, rigid solutions could risk misalignment with local workflows. A modular approach combining standardised core components with adaptable elements, designed collaboratively with end-users and grounded in ergonomic principles may provide an effective solution.