The Use of Renewable Energy in Prominent City Buildings: A Diffusion Study on Top European Football Organizations
研究了欧洲顶级足球场馆采用可再生能源的扩散速度及其与碳中性的关系，发现到2024年42%的场馆已采用至少一种可再生能源，预计2059年完全饱和。
ABSTRACT The present study applied the diffusion of innovation theory to investigate the rate of diffusion of renewable energy sources used by Europe's top professional football stadiums and the relationship with carbon neutrality. A discrete diffusion model estimated the diffusion of renewable energy to saturation, and a multivariate logistic regression model examined the combined effects of various influences on achieving carbon neutrality. Among the 305 facilities, we found 129 organizations (42%) adopted at least one renewable energy source, either onsite or offsite, by 2024. Of the 256 facilities for which carbon neutrality status was available, 57 (22%) were identified as reaching carbon neutrality by 2024. The diffusion model estimated full saturation of renewable energy in 2059. Regionality, compatibility, and complexity were important considerations in adopting renewable energy and achieving carbon neutrality. New stadiums were more likely to adopt renewable energy and reach carbon neutrality by 2024 during the adoption period.