Exports and intergenerational mobility
利用越南家庭生活标准调查数据和2001年美越双边贸易协定，研究了出口冲击对代际职业流动性的影响，发现该协定总体上提升了子女的向上绝对职业流动性，但相对流动性下降，且高排名父母的孩子受益更多。
Using eight rounds of the Vietnam Household Living Standards Surveys spanning 16 years and exploiting the US-Vietnam Bilateral Trade Agreement (BTA) in 2001, we investigate the impact of this large export shock on intergenerational occupational mobility. The BTA has, on average, led to greater upward absolute occupational mobility among sons and daughters, with effects following roughly a U-shape by age for sons and an inverse-U for daughters. However, relative occupational mobility, inversely related to the gradient of the child’s occupational rank as a function of the parent’s, decreased on average as a result of the BTA, with this effect also varying across age groups. While the BTA improved occupational mobility for an average child, children born to top-ranked parents benefited disproportionately. Also, the BTA increased human capital investment in college education across genders and vocational training for sons. Furthermore, higher individual and initial province-level human capital facilitated this mobility.