Employment allocations and unemployment: The role of international trade and migration frictions
本文从实证角度比较国际贸易和部门间配置摩擦对劳动力重新配置的不同影响，发现两者对失业有相反作用，并强调市场份额向高生产率企业重新配置是贸易影响的关键机制。
Abstract Understanding the drivers of structural change has long been a central objective in development economics. While quantitative models that integrate multiple mechanisms into a unified framework offer valuable insights into their relative importance, this paper offers an alternative empirical perspective by highlighting and comparing the distinct impacts that different mechanisms have on other dimensions of labour market outcomes. Specifically, it examines two key forces behind labour reallocation out of agriculture: international trade and reductions in intersectoral allocation frictions. The paper shows, both theoretically and empirically, that these forces have opposite effects on unemployment. It further emphasizes that the reallocation of market shares toward more productive firms is a crucial mechanism behind the impact of trade.