Carbon Pricing and Inequality: A Normative Perspective
研究了欧洲碳价变化对消费者价格、劳动收入、金融财富和政府转移的影响，发现年轻、贫困和教育程度低的家庭承受了不成比例的福利损失，解释了公众对碳税的抵制可能源于合理的分配担忧。
Abstract Despite broad acceptance among economists, carbon taxes face persistent public resistance. We measure the sources and distribution of welfare losses from unexpected European carbon price changes by estimating their impact on consumer prices, labour income, financial wealth and government transfers. A 1% carbon-policy-induced increase in energy prices leads to an average welfare loss of about 0.5% of a household’s three-year consumption, primarily driven by indirect labour-income effects. Younger, poorer and less educated households, especially in Southern and Eastern Europe, bear a disproportionate burden. These findings suggest that public opposition to carbon taxes could stem from legitimate distributional concerns.