Revisiting the Long-Term Effects of Political Violence on Human Capital Accumulation in Peru
使用完整人口普查数据重新检验Leon（2012）的发现，指出其样本选择导致平行趋势假设不成立，并发现政治暴力的长期负面影响仅存在于子宫内暴露的群体。
<h3>Abstract</h3> Leon (2012) found that exposure to political violence in Peru during childhood negatively affected completed schooling using a 2 percent sample of the 1993 and 2007 censuses. When using the full sample in 1993, we find statistically significant effects of exposure pre-conception, violating the parallel pre-trends assumptions of Leon (2012). We also find that the long-run effects (measured in 2007) are smaller in magnitude using the full census. Finally, we show valid evidence of an actual adverse impact of political violence, but only for those exposed in utero.