Are mobile device location data a substitute for travel cost surveys?
比较了移动设备位置数据与调查数据在17个美国国家公园站点估算休闲需求和消费者剩余上的表现，发现结果不一，并探讨了聚合偏差和抽样偏差的影响。
<h3>Abstract</h3> Mobile device location data offer a low-cost alternative for measuring visitation to outdoor recreation sites and are known to correlate with official visitation counts. Less is known about whether these data can recover recreation demand and consumer surplus comparable to surveybased methods. We compare travel cost models estimated using mobile device and survey data for 17 U.S. National Park Service sites. Results are mixed. We examine the roles of aggregation and sampling bias and use LASSO regression to assess whether sample and site characteristics explain discrepancies.