Friendshoring in international business: Theoretical Foundations and a Typological Framework
从运营重组、国际关系和术语三个角度审视友岸外包概念，识别出基于资源依赖理论的相互交换和基于利益相关者理论的嵌入能力两个核心维度，并据此构建四象限类型学，区分契约联盟、短期联盟、支持联盟和长期联盟，最后用该类型学解构关于友岸外包的常见迷思。
Geopolitical tensions increasingly reshape international business discourse, from altering the criteria used to select suppliers and buyers in global value chains to influencing ownership structures in multinational enterprises and expanding regulatory interventions grounded in national-security concerns. These shifts have clear historical antecedents in diplomatic and economic practices, but they have recently been reframed under the label “friendshoring.” This article examines the concept of friendshoring through three complementary approach, operational reconfiguration, international relations, and terminology, to position the phenomenon across multiple analytical domains. Building on this examination, the study identifies two core dimensions that underpin friendshoring: mutual exchange, grounded in resource dependence theory, and embeddedness capacity, informed by stakeholder theory. Drawing on these dimensions, the article develops a four-quadrant typology of friendshoring that distinguishes Contractual Alliance, Short-term Alliance, Supportive Alliance, and Long-term Alliance. Finally, the typology is used to revisit and deconstruct widely held myths about friendshoring, revealing conceptual ambiguities and analytical gaps that continue to shape contemporary debates.