Greens in Regulation: Biodiversity Strategy Implementation Across the Golf Industry
研究了高尔夫行业（球场、设备制造商、职业巡回赛）的生物多样性战略实施，发现以保护策略（62.2%）和内部方法（77.9%）为主，认证球场技术实施更实质，制造商偏好象征性合作，巡回赛利用赛事曝光，揭示了精英场地与普通设施间的合法性差异。
ABSTRACT Although much of the business and biodiversity literature focuses on extractive industries, we turn our attention to the golf industry. Golf courses occupy millions of acres globally, yet biodiversity strategy implementation across the golf industry remains understudied. We examine biodiversity initiatives across three segments: golf courses, equipment manufacturers, and professional tours. Using AI‐assisted qualitative content analysis of 543 passages from 152 sustainability documents, we apply frameworks from Panwar et al. and Boiral and Heras‐Saizarbitoria to assess temporal–spatial and organizational dimensions of biodiversity actions. Results reveal overwhelming emphasis on conservation strategies (62.2%) and internal approaches (77.9%), with minimal offsetting mechanisms (4.4%). Certified courses demonstrate substantive technical implementation; manufacturers favor symbolic partnerships; tours leverage episodic tournament visibility. These patterns expose a visibility paradox where elite venues generate industry‐wide legitimacy while everyday facilities lag. Findings extend biodiversity governance scholarship beyond extractive industries, revealing unique challenges for sectors where production and conservation occur simultaneously, with implications for practice, policy, and research in land‐intensive leisure industries.