When do shapers win? An NK simulation of shapers’ cognitive advantages
通过NK模拟，研究塑造者（主动设计环境的企业）在何种条件下能击败适应型在位企业，发现当新维度间高度依赖且新维度对旧维度绩效影响大时，塑造者更可能获胜。
Abstract While the extant strategy literature has emphasized the importance of adaptation in response to exogenous changes in the environment, a recent development takes a design view and suggests that firms can shape their environments. We ask: under what circumstances can a shaper beat out adapting incumbents following an effective shaping attempt? We propose that (1) the process of shaping leads shapers to acquire unique cognitive advantages and (2) whether shapers can leverage these cognitive advantages to beat out adapting incumbents is contingent on landscape characteristics. Our simulation results show that the shaper is more likely to win when the new landscape is characterized by (i) high interdependencies among the new dimensions that the shaper introduces and (ii) many new dimensions impacting old dimensions’ contributions to performance.