Diet, Economic Development and Climate Change
构建多国一般均衡模型，研究经济增长、饮食限制和食品贸易政策对农业温室气体排放的影响，发现饮食限制比贸易政策更有效减排且对发展中国家福利损失更小。
Abstract We develop a quantitative, multi-country general equilibrium framework to study the impact of economic growth, dietary restrictions and food trade policies on global greenhouse-gas (GHG) emissions from agriculture. Motivated by new cross-country relationships between economic development, diet patterns, agricultural technologies and GHG emissions, our framework features different income elasticities of demand across food products and multiple agricultural technologies for production across grid cells covering the surface of the Earth, with food products and technologies being heterogeneous in their GHG emissions per calorie. Using our model’s open-economy structure, we propose a simple procedure to estimate the income elasticities without price data. We find that GHG emissions following economic growth are strongly influenced by general equilibrium effects related to dietary changes, agricultural modernisation and food supply readjustments. Moreover, compared with food trade policies, dietary restrictions are both substantially more effective in reducing GHG emissions and more favourable when considering the welfare losses in developing countries.