Gender Norms and Female Labor Supply: Evidence from Export Shocks in Vietnam
利用2002-2018年越南各省出口的准随机变化，发现经济正向冲击降低了女性劳动参与，尤其对已婚富裕家庭和丈夫技能高的女性影响更大，且南方（前资本主义）比北方（社会主义）更明显，说明性别观念影响女性对收入增长的反应。
Abstract We study how economic development affects female labor force participation, focusing on the role of gender norms. Analyzing quasi-random variation in provincial exports in reunified Vietnam from 2002 to 2018, we find that positive economic shocks reduced women’s labor market engagement, particularly among married women from wealthier households and those with husbands in more skilled occupations. This trend is more pronounced in the South (formerly capitalist) than in the North (always socialist), and among native Southerners compared to Northerners relocated to the South after the war. Our findings highlight how gender role attitudes shape women’s responses to rising incomes.