How teleworking reshapes travel distance and mode use for work and non-work tours: A panel analysis
基于荷兰2017-2019年面板数据，研究发现远程办公减少了工作出行次数，但增加了非工作出行的汽车和主动出行距离，且影响因出行目的、交通方式和个人长期偏好而异。
This paper investigates the effects of teleworking on tour generation and travel distance for home-based work and non-work tours using various modes of transportation. We analyzed three waves of the Netherlands Mobility Panel, collected in 2017, 2018, and 2019. Six zero-inflated gamma mixed effect models of travel distance by car, active modes, and public transportation for work and non-work tours were estimated with teleworking duration as a key explanatory variable. Our models incorporated differences in traveler’s mode use preferences by categorizing individuals into exclusive mode users and multimodal travelers based on their levels of car, active mode, and public transportation use across the three survey waves. The results of our analyses revealed that teleworking led to fewer work tours but also to increased distances of non-work tours using cars and active modes. In addition, while teleworking was found to reduce the distances of work tours, these reductions were greater for travelers who exclusively used the car or active modes compared to multimodal travelers. Our findings suggest that the relationship between teleworking, tour generation, and travel distances varies by tour purpose, type of mode used, and individuals’ long-term mode use preferences. This highlights the importance of considering travel modes and trip purposes in investigating the impact of teleworking.