Impacts of incentive-based programmes on supply chains
研究了电网激励计划如何影响三级供应链中批发商的库存和缺货情况，发现现有库存控制策略难以应对激励带来的不确定性。
Incentive-based programmes enable grid operators to influence electricity demand during periods of high electricity loads, stabilising the grid and facilitating a better integration of renewable energy sources. While research has shown that these incentives are effective for power grids and that they can be implemented with appropriate restrictions for the incentivized entity, earlier research has not considered the impact these programmes may have on downstream members of the supply chain. This paper investigates a three-stage supply chain consisting of one manufacturer producing products to order for several wholesalers, who in turn satisfy the demand of their customers. The manufacturer receives and schedules orders from the wholesalers while also considering incentives in the form of load deferral when scheduling production orders to benefit from incentives set by the grid operator. A model was developed and numerical simulations were performed to examine how these incentive systems affect inventory levels and potential stockouts at the wholesalers. Additionally, we analyse how established inventory control policies are able to respond to uncertainty triggered by the incentive-based programme. Our findings provide initial insights into the broader implications of incentive-based programmes on supply chain dynamics.