Cooperative Formation and European Immigration: The Case of Cow-Testing Associations in the United States Dairy Industry
研究欧洲移民如何影响美国乳业中生产率提升型合作组织（奶牛检测协会）的形成，发现丹麦移民社区通过知识转移促进了该组织的建立。
Abstract We study how European immigrants to the United States influenced the formation of productivity-enhancing cooperatives—the cow-testing associations (CTAs)—which were imported to the US by a Danish immigrant. We hypothesize that Danish immigrant communities were important to their formation by transferring knowledge of the cooperative to dairy farming communities. Using novel data on CTAs, we find evidence that counties with higher influxes of Danes between 1880 and 1900 were more likely to form CTAs. While other immigrant groups were familiar with cooperatives, we only find Danish immigrants to be important, suggesting that familiarity with this specific institution was important to formation.