The modalities of city-regional governance: creating a functional city-region of Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei
研究了京津冀城市区域中塑造功能性空间的四种治理模式，基于政策分析和40次半结构化访谈，揭示了不同政府层级和市场配置下的差异化策略，对理解国家-市场转型下的城市区域治理有参考价值。
This paper examines the governance modalities that shape the production of functional spaces in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) city-region. We conceptualise city-regionalism as a process of functional space-making and identify four governance modalities: state-oriented managerialism, state-oriented entrepreneurialism, market-oriented managerialism and market-oriented entrepreneurialism. Drawing on extensive policy analysis and 40 semi-structured interviews, we show how these modalities reflect variegated state entrepreneurialism and operate across different governmental levels and market configurations. The findings contribute to an understanding of the differentiated strategies through which polycentric city-regions are produced, providing broader insights into city-regional governance under state–market transformations.