International Migration and Economic Development
这篇综述梳理了从发展中国家向发达国家的劳动力迁移如何通过汇款、人力资本提升和知识转移等渠道促进原籍国的经济发展，并反驳了“人才流失”的担忧，指出移民反而可能带来“人才增益”。
International labor migration from developing to developed countries generates income gains for migrants that dwarf those from any known development intervention, with workers routinely experiencing 4–5-fold wage increases upon migration. These individual gains translate into massive remittance flows to developing countries that far exceed foreign aid flows. This review synthesizes the rapidly growing literature on migration's impacts on origin countries, emphasizing studies with credible causal identification. The evidence progresses from individual and household effects, where migrants and their families experience substantial gains in income, education investments, and consumption smoothing, to broader impacts on the origin area, including regional economic development and widespread human capital formation. Contrary to concerns about so-called brain drain, recent research reveals brain gain effects whereby migration opportunities increase educational investments and skill formation. Migration also has additional positive effects through trade and investment linkages, knowledge transfers, and changing social norms. This review also discusses policies for enhancing migration's development impacts and key areas for future research.