Toward sustainable decision-making in multi-criteria building design: A game-theoretic approach
研究将建筑能源管理系统参数估计建模为多目标优化问题，提出两阶段博弈框架（NSGA-II+Nash议价），通过新西兰案例实现能耗降32%、排放降76%、不适降76%。
As major contributors to global energy demand and C O 2 emissions, buildings – whose performance is governed by Building Energy Management Systems (BEMS) – pose a significant challenge to sustainability and the green energy transition. This study, therefore, formulates the estimation of both passive ( e.g. , thermal absorptance and conductivity) and active ( e.g. , thermostat set-points) BEMS parameters as a constrained multi-objective optimization problem that minimizes energy consumption and global warming potential (GWP) while enhancing occupant comfort . Furthermore, practical constraints stemming from implementation feasibility and maintenance costs, often overlooked in existing investigations, are also considered. The parameter estimation problem is then approached as a cooperative two-player game representing partially diverging preferences of policymakers and building developers. To this end, a two-stage framework is proposed: Stage I identifies non-dominated parameters via NSGA-II; Stage II performs a posteriori selection through preference articulation and Nash bargaining. This framework employs a co-simulation environment that couples EnergyPlus for building energy simulations and Python for optimization and game simulation. The efficacy of the proposed approach is demonstrated through a case study of a mid-rise commercial building in Auckland, New Zealand. The Nash bargaining solution yields reductions of approximately 32% in energy consumption, 76% in emissions, and 76% in occupant discomfort relative to the baseline design. Sensitivity analysis further reveals that developer risk attitude significantly influences bargaining outcomes, highlighting the potential role of risk-sharing mechanisms in incentivizing sustainable design adoption.