Illuminating the dark sides of innovation: toward an economic geography of controversial innovation
通过四重分类（假阳性、负外部性、假阴性、未实现的阳性）揭示创新的阴暗面，提出将争议视为引导创新服务于社会福利的机会，并构建了有争议创新的经济地理学框架，强调空间创新口袋作为边缘机会的地理场所。
Abstract This paper pluralizes the “dark side of innovation” discourse through a fourfold taxonomy: false positives, negative externalities, false negatives, and undone positives. As these dimensions reflect the contested nature of innovations, controversy is framed as an opportunity to (re)direct novelty toward societal welfare. Central to this redirection is an economic geography of controversial innovation, highlighting the tension between exnovating “destructive creation” and enabling the “creative destruction” of alternative futures. Spatial Pockets of Innovation are conceptualized as geographical places of peripheral opportunity, offering the cushioning and institutional slack required to develop, scrutinize, and legitimize contested and unconventional novelty.