Exposure to World War II and Its Labor Market Consequences over the Life Cycle
研究了二战暴露（如受伤、被俘、流离失所）对幸存者职业生涯的影响，发现这些影响往往在特定生命阶段才显现，且符合生命周期理论，对理解其他冲突也有参考价值。
With 70 million dead, World War II remains the most devastating conflict in history. Among the survivors, millions were displaced, returned maimed from the battlefield, or endured years of captivity. We examine the effects of such war exposures on labor market careers, showing that they often become apparent only at certain life stages. While war injuries reduced employment in old age, former prisoners of war prolonged their time in the workforce before retiring. Many displaced workers, especially women, never returned to employment. These responses align with standard life-cycle theory and thus likely hold relevance for other conflicts.