Transfers of Technology and Management Practices: Evidence from the Twentieth Century
综述了二十世纪技术和管理知识转移的研究，探讨了通过资本品、专利、工人流动等渠道的转移，以及吸收能力对生产力提升的关键作用。
I discuss recent works that evaluate the effects of technology and knowledge transfers in the twentieth century. Less developed economies cyclically rely on such transfers to promote industrialization and close the gap with the most advanced countries. I focus on embodied technology transfers through capital goods; disembodied transfers via patents, licensing, and worker mobility; the diffusion of managerial know-how; and industrial policy interventions. The analysis highlights the central role of absorptive capacity—human capital, institutional quality, and organizational capability—in determining whether transfers yield lasting productivity gains.