Artificial intelligence and the future of the workforce: a critical reflection on general trends and hospitality implications
本文基于学术文献和行业报告，从微观、中观、宏观三个层面分析人工智能对劳动力（特别是酒店业）的多重影响，提出前瞻性研究方向和实践策略，帮助利益相关者设计适应性工作环境。
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the broader impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the general and hospitality workforce and provide insights into the future of hospitality work alongside AI development. Design/methodology/approach The analysis was drawn upon evidence from academic literature, industry reports and the authors’ insights. A micro–meso–macro analytical framework was used to guide the analysis and develop key propositions. Findings The findings highlight the multifaceted impacts of AI on the workforce at different levels. The interconnections with key constructs in workforce development and organizational behavior literature are revealed. The findings also offer both forward-looking research directions and practical strategies for navigating AI-driven transformations. Practical implications Given AI’s profound influence on job structures and skill requirements, stakeholders must proactively design adaptive, inclusive and resilient work environments. A comprehensive approach is essential to ensure equitable access to AI benefits, safeguard workers’ well-being and support continuous learning and workforce adaptability. Originality/value This paper provides a critical reflection on how AI is reshaping the future of work across sectors, especially within knowledge-intensive and service-oriented industries. It proposes actionable insights for addressing current labor market challenges and outlines a roadmap for future research.