The New Politics of EU Industrial Policy: From the Regulatory State to a Transformational State
本文提出一个分析当代产业政策的三维框架（目标、工具、权力结构），并应用于欧盟，指出自2020年代以来欧盟已进入产业政策的“转型阶段”，其特征是干预目标的地缘政治化、混合型工具以及市场干预的垂直与水平去中心化。
ABSTRACT Across advanced economies, states are reasserting a more directive role in shaping markets. One prominent expression of this shift is the resurgence of industrial policy as a form of interventionist economic governance. This introduction develops a tripartite framework to analyze contemporary industrial policy in terms of goals, instruments, and authority structures—asking for what ends states intervene, through what means, and by and for whom. Applying this lens to Europe and the European Union (EU), the special issue shows how a polity long seen as the archetype of the regulatory state is increasingly departing from this model through a renewed embrace of industrial policy. We identify four ideal‐typical phases of EU industrial policy since the postwar era and argue that, since the 2020s, the EU has entered a distinct Transformational Phase . This phase is marked by the geopoliticization of interventionist goals, hybrid fiscal, geoeconomic and regulatory instruments, and a vertical and horizontal decentering of European market interventionism. Together, the introduction and contributions to the special issue offer a conceptual and empirical lens on industrial policy as a defining feature of twenty‐first‐century activist economic governance.