Competing Visions of Democracy in EU Disinformation Governance: Framing the Digital Services Act in the European Parliament
本文分析欧洲议会议员在《数字服务法》辩论中提出的四种民主愿景（审议型、古典自由型、多元型、民粹型），揭示它们如何塑造对虚假信息的不同理解和监管立场，挑战了欧盟内部存在广泛共识的假设。
Abstract Disinformation has become a contentious issue within the European Union (EU) and in transatlantic relations, raising fundamental questions about how democratic societies should regulate online content. This article investigates how competing democratic visions shape European Parliamentary debates on the Digital Services Act (DSA). Through a framing analysis of plenary debates, it identifies four visions articulated by Members of the European Parliament: Deliberative, Classical Liberal, Pluralist and Populist. Each constructs a distinct threat profile of ‘disinformation’ and advances a corresponding regulatory stance – from support for content moderation to outright rejection of the DSA. Whilst previous research suggests a broad European consensus on disinformation as a democratic threat, this study reveals deep normative divides over its meaning and governance. These findings complicate claims of a simple EU–US divide in digital governance by showing that normative cleavages cut across political systems. By linking parliamentary framings to democratic theory, the article offers a framework for understanding how divergent democratic ideals shape EU regulation.