Nonlinear home-region effects of outward foreign direct investments: panel data evidence from Chinese city-regions
研究中国城市区域对外直接投资与母地区域收入之间的U型关系，发现低投资时因吸收能力有限而负相关，高投资时正向效应占主导，且先前的外商直接投资经验会调节这一关系。
Abstract This article investigates whether a nonlinear relationship exists between outward foreign direct investments (OFDIs) from Chinese city-regions and home-region income, related to regional spillovers from access to foreign knowledge and markets. Using quadratic panel regressions from 2003 through 2016, we identify a U-shaped relationship between OFDIs and home-region income. When OFDI activity is low, OFDIs are negatively associated with home-region income due to limited absorptive capacity at an early development stage, but as investment activity intensifies, positive income effects dominate. We find that prior exposure to inward foreign direct investments (IFDIs) moderates this nonlinear relationship between OFDIs and home-region income.